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homeschool 是一种什么体验?优秀的免费资源,了解一下! -pg电子试玩

2011
2008
2020-11-24 02:34 原创 · 图片33

没想到我真的有勇气挑起 homeschool(在家教学)的千钧重担!都是 2020 给闹的!

2020,不止有疫情、口罩、隔离、恐慌、无助、网课、神兽、崩溃、退群、大选、疫苗、希望……

还有一个无法忽视的关键词:

(还好2020马上要过去了!请把这个字一并带走吧!谢谢,不送~) 

这个字,从疫情开始到现在,伴随着大半年的居家隔离 (阻断了我们大部分经济来源)

 ,一直悬在头顶上。

看到这个字,你们应该秒懂那句 天问  “哪来的勇气”了!

面对国际学校的昂贵学费 (质量差强人意的网课也不打折,哎~) ,全能型妈妈一咬牙夸下了海口:我来! 

这牛,没白吹。

是的,我扛下来了!

  (这个字看着比上一个顺眼多了。多看看,人就飘起来了,哈哈)

——先说成绩——

homeschool 到现在进行了三个多月。

用一个字来总结,就是:快!

四个字描述:全面超车!

这是根据 ccss 标准,结合各学科的测试结果,给 eric 近期的学习做了一个报告。学科中每项能力都有细分标准,全部写下来再一一进行测评。 

ccss:common core state standards,跨洲共同核心课程标准,目前是美国最多州在用的 k-12 的课程标准。

ccss 极为重视三大核心素养:critical thinking 批判性思维;analytical ability 分析问题的能力;problem solving 解决问题的能力

简单总结一下这份学习报告 (第一季度) :

在必学的科目中(除了西班牙语进展缓慢),eric 三个月完成了三年级的所有课程。全部达标,某些科目超标。 

这个成绩看上去还不错,怎么做到的呢? 

——课程安排——

每周的课程表如下:

(这是一张有弹性的课程表) 

除了学校会给三年级学生开的课程,如language arts(英语)、social study(社会研究:包括地理、人文、社会、历史、经济等综合内容)、数学、科学、西班牙语、艺术、体育之外,我额外安排了中文 (这个是每天的重点) 、编程 (孩子喜欢) 、世界历史 (孩子感兴趣,可作为social study的补充)。 

同时,每天给孩子留了大量的时间自由阅读,这是孩子一天中最喜欢的时段。 

——资源分享—— 

我当时有底气夸下海口,不是因为小学功课太简单(接轨国际学校的全学科全英文的教学任务一点也不简单),而是因为唾手可得的教育资源。 

当然,事实证明,我太想当然了。我只看到了资源丰富的好处,没有料到这背后需要付出的超乎想象的辛苦。 

辛苦的事后面再聊,先来分享一些在家教学所用的资源和教材。即使没有homeschool,这些资源 (全英文) 对那些有英语基础并学有余力的小朋友来说也是用得着的。 

——免费资源: 

世上优秀资源那么多,为何我对“免费”情有独钟。

不得不重提 homeschool 的原因:

下面,我重点分享一下这段时间孩子用过的,效果最好的免费资源。

1、khan academy 

(可汗学院pg电子试玩官网)

“可汗学院”是我能找到的最最最好的免费资源,数学方面的讲解尤其优秀,千万别浪费了这么良心的教育资源! 

eric 三年级的数学课基本都是在可汗上自学的。据他自己讲,比在学校学得更快更好!(因为学校老师要照顾其他同学的进度)

(可汗学院app)

每天的流程就是:早上八点自己打开可汗的视频课,听完一节课接着做一点练习,有不懂的地方再来问我。有时候他觉得课程太简单,会加快语速,多听几节课。 

这是作为 eric 全学科“老师”的我一整天最轻松的时刻 (我还可以利用这点时间安排自己的英语学习,或在厨房各种忙) ,只需答疑解惑,然后安排一点课后练习即可。 

就这样,每天按部就班,只用了两个月,eric 三年级的课程就全部学完了。

当然,学完不是重点,得学会,得吃透才行。

因为担心eric囫囵吞枣,学的太快没时间消化,我又找了其它一些资源 (后面会分享) 作为补充训练,又给他安排了各个专项的小考试,以及几次综合测试。结果还不错,小家伙是真的学会了。

感谢可汗学院!!! 

补充一点:

可汗的教学方式比较传统,不是用那种花里胡哨的动画来吸引孩子,就是一块黑板,单纯的授课。这种方式要求孩子有一定的自学能力,而且全程要保持注意力集中。所以它可能更适合大童和高年级孩子,如果是小童,可以选择可汗的幼儿版。

虽然我们没用过这个版本,但我相信可汗出品,一定优秀。家有小童的,可以试试哦!

2、softschools 

我们用这个网站作为可汗学院的补充。 

比如数学,可汗的课程讲的非常好,但课后练习比较少。虽然我不主张大量刷题,但我需要通过一些练习题和分项考核来评估 eric 的学习效果。softschools 正好完美地补上了这一个缺口。 

其实这个网站非常全面,从幼儿园pre-k 到高中,各学科都有。我们每学完一部分课程,比如学完了分数、小数,想要阶段性地检验学习时,我就会用上它。

但因为时间有限,平时用可汗更多,这个网站的内容还没有完全利用起来。等有了更多的体验,再来细细分享。

3、ck-12 

ck-12,一听名字就知道它也是个全学科的教学网站。 

这个网站的用途和 softschools 一样,我们也是用作可汗学院的补充。

在没有使用 softschools 之前,经常用到它,后来我们更常用softschools 。关键看孩子的体验和喜好了,当然不排除喜新厌旧之嫌。

总的来说,它为我们提供了丰富的学科练习资源。 

4、scratch

这大概是目前最有名的一个学习编程的网站了,应该不需要多做介绍了吧! 

简单地说:有趣,好用,容易上手。编程是孩子喜欢做的事,因为有兴趣,学起来也很快。目前eric可以用 scratch 做出不少好玩的小游戏了。

5、code

code 这个网站也在我们课程表里,还排在了 scratch 之前。

除了和scratch一样有丰富的游戏化设计,code 这里面还有孩子最喜欢的一个板块“我的世界”:

因为孩子太喜欢玩,所以后来就不作为“课程”学习,而是将这部分内容放在周末的“游戏”时间里了。

又能学又好玩,而且轻轻松松地为孩子培养了编程思维,这样的学习效果并不亚于很多收费的课程,简直没有比这更好的事了!

等eric打好了基础以后,我们准备跟着哥哥一起去学 python。

6、其它

当然,我们还用过很多其它资源,有些因为体验不是特别好,就不在此推荐了。还有一些正在开发和尝试的,篇幅有限,以后再细说。 

——正在使用的书籍和“教材” 

“教材”加引号也是因为这里根本找不到教材,只是我把这些书当作教材而已。

下面分享一些近期在用的书。并不是说我认为它们就是最好的教材,而是因为它们就是家里现成的书 ,使用方便,效果也不错。分享出来,仅作参考。(最近还从中国下单了很多书,正在过来的路上~路途遥远,耐心等待 )

1、英语

主要用到的是国家地理出版的这三套书:

reading explorer,great writing,keynote ted talks 

有了这些书,英文的“听说读写”都照顾到了。 

reading explorer 已经学完第一本,eric 比较喜欢。总的来说,这套书选材丰富,对小朋友开阔视野,培养阅读理解的能力和提升批判性思维都很有帮助。 

great writing 第一本完成了一大半。相对 reading explorer,这本书稍显枯燥,更偏重“正确、严谨”的写作训练。因为 eric 不是特别喜欢,所以进度相对慢一点。慢慢学下去,还是很有用的。 

keynote ted talks  搭配视频学习,使用体验非常好。以前也经常和孩子一起看ted演讲,但基本就是听一听就完了。这套书除了精选了那些最适合小朋友学习的演讲内容,还做了很多拓展(有词汇、听力、批判性思维、表达等等),对小朋友学习表达和演讲技巧也是极好的。 

以上三本书是目前我们 language arts 主要在用的“教材”。 

其它几本,比如语法类的书,不是我们上课的重点。 

这几本语法书同字典一样,作为阅读学习的补充工具。有时候遇到不懂的,随手查一查,然后记下笔记,做个小练习。 

语法不是重点,那这门功课的重点是什么呢?

——阅读! 

利用在家学习的弹性时间,孩子进行了大量的阅读。 

随着阅读的兴趣越来越大,题材越来越广,内容越来越深,对英语的熟练应用就是水到渠成的事了。对此,我十分放心。 

推荐一套最近孩子爱不释手的英文书:

从前每天赖床的小家伙,自从开始看这套书,经常早上6点就爬起来静悄悄地开始阅读,还时不时地发出笑声。每天课间休息时间,他都是争分夺秒在看书,也常常央求妈妈,再多几分钟看书,晚一点上课。 

还有最近刚入手的这套 the accidental 系列,孩子也十分喜欢,一并推荐了。

"手不释卷",从前只会用在老大身上,没想到现在可以妥妥的交给老二了。

2、历史 

(这套书从前是给哥哥买的,现在弟弟用刚刚好)

eric 对世界历史非常感兴趣,这套书就很合他胃口。

首先,文字不难,eric 拿到书的第一天就通读了第一本,还问我要后面的书。当然,我没有答应,因为这不是一套仅凭兴趣的泛读书。

我要求他逐字朗读,把一些专用名词和重点标注出来。读完一遍后,开始写笔记,重点是把时间线梳理清楚。然后再和我一起讨论相关的历史问题。 

这套书除了兴趣和难度刚刚好,还有一个优点,就是有配套的练习册。每学完一章,就做一点练习题,可以及时检验学习效果。 

目前我们学到了第十一章“古代非洲”(前后用了几个章节重点讲了埃及),正好是对三年级 social study 这门学科的完美补充 (每个年级重点学习一个洲,三年级主要学习非洲)。

补充资料:

左边那本《哈佛中国史》英文原版是给老大看的,没想到老二很有兴趣,在学到“世界古代文明——中国”这一章的时候,就找出这套书读了读。它和右边那套《小历史》一样,因为有难度,不做要求,有兴趣阅读就很好了。中间的那本《世界历史学霸笔记》可以帮助孩子梳理时间线和重点,是本非常不错的学科辅助读物。

当然,历史学习有很多渠道,除了书籍,还有视频课 (我们常常在可汗学院里找对应的课程) ,还可以通过纪录片从不同的角度去了解,还能做很多与历史相关的文化拓展 (这个展开说又是一大篇,留到以后再细讲)。总之,历史是我目前最有兴趣去教的一门学科。

3、编程

编程在网站上学(主要用 scratch,code,有时候也用“可汗”,几种不同的学习方式,都可以让小朋友试试),书做辅助。

(这两本是一回事,有一本就行了)

其它几门功课,比如科学、地理、人文、社会等等,都没有“教材”。上课的内容几乎都是全网搜索需要的资料,然后打印出来的 (资料太多,打印机都打坏了)。

(后续的文章再细说这部分内容,实在是太多了)

对了,还有这类科普书,可作为课堂学习的补充——“大餐”之外每日来点“甜点”,和孩子一起享受亲子阅读:

另外,关于中文还有西班牙语的学习,又能写出两大篇了。这里限于篇幅,以后再说。

下面,来聊一聊在家学习的好处以及挑战。 

—— 在家学习的好处——

1、个性化安排,因材施教 

除了必学科目,还可以合理安排孩子感兴趣的课程,比如编程和世界历史;

除了感兴趣,还可以安排家长认为有必要的科目,比如中文。

长时间在家隔离,让孩子们失去了大量的户外运动,这很可惜。但既然无法改变现状,那么就利用这多出来的时间好好弥补一下这些年欠下的“中文学习”的债,给孩子更多的阅读时间,好好享受亲子时光,也算没有虚度。

2、高效率,高弹性

eric 完成三年级所有的数学课程并通过考试后,我并没有打算立即上四年级的课。

我希望孩子能对数学有更全面的认识,除了激发兴趣,把数学思维应用到实际生活,还要把基础再夯实一些。

所以接下来我会安排更多的拓展和提高,提升数学思维水平,以下这些书可做参考: 

  (不仅限于这些书,慢慢看吧~藏书丰富的好处)

如果学有余力,接下来会安排一点奥数方面的内容,目的是拓宽娃的思维(老母亲也顺便练练脑力)。这方面如果有进展,后续会再来分享。 

——在家教学的挑战——

1、没有经验,容易焦虑

当初夸下海口时并没有觉得这是一个巨大的挑战,还自以为有经验。

老大曾因病耽误了两个月的课堂学习,那段时间就在家跟着我学(主要是他自学能力比较强),之后回到学校直接参加 map test,发现学业一点也没有落下,甚至在一些学科上比在校的同学更好。当时我也写过文章:你好,四十)。  

——map test:measures of academic progress. 它是美国中小学最重视的考试,全世界考生都可以参加。

但真正启动 homeschool,完全脱离学校,开始为孩子安排所有学习任务时,心态是完全不一样的,生怕哪些科目没照顾到,或是教学要求没达到,耽误了孩子。

刚开始我连用什么教学标准都不知道 ——平时不管娃的学习,只想花样陪玩的妈妈,是不是很少见?没办法, 只能从头学起。我满世界搜索🔍, 研究各路教学大纲 (有很多种大纲,崩溃),疯狂找资源,学习各个科目的细分标准,做出进度表和详细计划,打印"教材"和练习题……那段日子,真是一个头两个大。

2、没有课本,工作量巨大

在中国有统一的教学大纲,买本教材就可以“照本宣科”了 (不是贬义) ,这对于没有经验刚刚开始 homeschool 的父母来说,更容易上手。

但这里没有教材 (孩子上学时书包里也从来没有装过教科书和练习册) ,只有到网上去淘。我低估了满世界“海”淘的成本。 

网络学习资源丰富,本来是件好事,但是由于经验不足,要在海量的资源中找到最适合孩子当下学习的内容——而且是全学科的教学任务,相当于一个人要扛下整个教研组的工作——确实非常耗费时间和精力。

在头两个月里,老母亲白天那点时间完全不够用,所以几乎每晚都会熬到两三点 来准备接下来的课程。

(从浩瀚的资源中筛选、打印;然后将各路资料,分门别类。这是一个巨大的工程 )

3、时间!时间!

在家上课,最缺的是时间。

老母亲每天除了从早上到下午给孩子上课,还要花时间布置和批改作业,更要在课后花费大量精力去备课,做后面的课程计划……

此外,最费时间的是每天都有做不完的家务。如果一日三餐都想做得丰富,那么一天中很多时间都会耗在厨房 。

为了节约时间,我们把一日三餐简化成了两餐。午餐那顿就用不那么费时的健康点心替代了,比如沙拉 牛奶布丁,鸡蛋 三明治,搭配水果拼盘,以及豆浆、热巧克力,还有各种奶昔。

因为时间有限,我几乎戒掉了朋友圈,放弃了之前的一些课程学习,唯一坚持下来的是英文、阅读和健身 (当然,在时间、精力、效果上也是打了折扣的) 。 

之前花了很长时间练出的马甲线,在 homeschool 一个月之后也渐渐模糊了。 

(需要优化一下时间管理,重新练起来)

4、考验亲子关系

相比前面提到的种种挑战,我觉得在家学习最大的考验就是亲子关系。 

在我们的家庭教育中,家从来都不是学习 (指具体的学科学习,不是广义的学习) 的地方,而是培养亲子关系,让孩子放松的地方。学习的事,交给学校就好了。孩子们有了阅读习惯后,我对他们的学习非常放心,甚至很少过问。平时在家的时间就做些学校做不到的事,互为补充,而不是重复教育。

然而,开始 homeschool 之后,家也变成课堂,成了考验亲子关系的地方。 

常常听朋友开玩笑说,不管学习“母慈子孝”,一管学习“鸡飞狗跳”。最近真的开始所有体悟了。

如果学习和亲子关系有冲突,我通常会向"维护亲子关系"方面倾斜。好在一两个月后,孩子习惯了在家学习的节凑,慢慢理顺了关系,学习状态开始向更好的方向发展。

(孩子渐渐养成了自学的好习惯:找重点、记笔记、提问题、归纳总结,以及有深度的思考……这些习惯的养成对未来的学习将大有裨益)

之后我会对学习重点和课程设置做些调整。比如放慢课业节奏,增加 pbl  跨学科主题式教学。

——pbl :即 project based learning,我最近在学习芬兰教育,他们提出的"基于现象的学习"也提供了这种"跨学科学习"的思路。不过做这个非常花工夫,容我先缓缓,以后慢慢分享。

anyway,目标任务已提前完成,剩下的时间,慢慢学吧,不着急。

——总 结——

起初,我看到有不少美国家庭选择homeschool,便想当然地觉得网络资源如此丰富,在家教学应该也不是一件特别难的事 (oh my!哪来的自信) ,直到自己尝试之后……常常在深夜仰天长叹:真!的!太!累!了! 

至此,我对那些长期付出巨大心力的家长们佩服之极!!!

homeschool 是一条不寻常的路,很不好走。诚恳地说一句:不差钱的,还是老老实实把神兽们交到一所好的学校里去吧!

当然,将娃送去学校,除了很大程度上解放了家长,还有一个重要的原因——我十分认同教育家纽曼的理念: 学生之间的相互学习甚至比书本知识的学习更重要 (包含但不仅限于社交属性)! 这也是斯坦福等顶级私立大学的教育模式(斯坦福是同时贯彻了纽曼和洪堡两种教育模式的典范,也是我家老大心心念念的目标大学)。

补充一点:

我家俩娃,老大现在六年级,在家上学校的网课。虽说差钱,我也没胆量一口气揽下两个孩子的教学任务。还好,我有这个自知之明。 

另外,顺便说一下“三年级现象”。经常听到这个说法,因为eric刚好三年级了,所以最近开始留意。大致意思是三年级是个分水岭。刚入学头两年的学生都学得差不多“好”,到了三年级,才能分出真的“好”来,就是说会学习的人会学得越来越好,所谓厚积薄发 (我们有朝这个方向努力) 。

怎么算“会学习的人”?如何成为“会学习的人”,这个话题,我们下次再聊 (想写的实在是太多了,救救我) 。 

最后,希望疫情早日过去,俩娃都能正常上学,老母亲也不用再熬夜了。

哎,说多了都是泪,趁着“黑色星期五”打折季,赶紧囤点“熬夜霜”拯救一下老母亲的黑眼圈!不说了,下单去了……如果有价廉物美的好产品,麻烦留言推荐一下吧,谢啦!

以上分享,纯属个人经验。经验有限,仅供参考。希望对学有余力的孩子们有所帮助。

2020 终将过去,每一个熬过 2020 的人都是英雄!

——原文来自我的“童心童趣”公众号

谢谢阅读!


赞66
收藏418
4年前
一个朋友的孩子从四年级就开始在家自学,父母是大学教授,两个博士
4年前
让我回想到疫情期间,在家既要在网上上班,又要给大宝上课、安抚情绪,还要给二宝喂奶,真是焦虑啊
4年前
超强大的妈妈👍👍👍
4年前
厉害了👍
4年前
amy🍭🐬📝632 厉害了👍
谢谢!只是一次难得的体验,记录下来~ 这里应该有很多妈妈做的比我好
4年前
jianzeng1977 超强大的妈妈👍👍👍
谢谢!也是赶上疫情,才有了这一段时间的特殊体验。平时我把精力用来陪孩子玩了,对学习关注少,所以刚开始做起来也很吃力。这里很多厉害的妈妈,有空也要来学习学习~~
4年前
厉害。自鸡也很费劲,备课
4年前
kathy cheng 让我回想到疫情期间,在家既要在网上上班,又要给大宝上课、安抚情绪,还要给二宝...
真的是不容易... 好在最难熬的时候过去了
4年前
colinmumu 一个朋友的孩子从四年级就开始在家自学,父母是大学教授,两个博士
太佩服了!!!
4年前
太厉害了,跟着好好学习
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