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想提高英文的家长看过来:更适合大人的无痛学习方法有哪些? -pg电子试玩

2010
2020-3-11 22:41 原创 · 图片36

最近在做咨询的时候,有家长问:有没有针对大人的分级阅读?小孩子的书看着没什么意思。

于是我想,是时候开一个一直很想开的话题了: high-low

high-low,简称 hi-lo,就是 high interest(高兴趣度,也就是内容话题不低幼) low readability(低语言能力,也就是文字难度低)。hi-lo 的学习材料尤其适合两种人群,大家看看能否对号入座:

1、 希望在工作和带娃之余提升英文水平的家长——您在带娃学英文时,总是疲于查词典,时时感到捉襟见肘;娃学英文遇到瓶颈,您因为不身处学习场景中,不能真正理解娃的困难究竟如何解决;您渐渐感受到娃的英文水平超越了自己,担心假以时日跟不上娃的学习节奏,再不能辅导娃;或者您在带娃学英语的过程中学会了很多有用的学习方法和资源,觉得自己的英文水平说不定也能鸡一把,从而助力职业发展……如果您想过这些问题,那么可以了解一下 hi-lo。

2、 家有英文起步晚的中小学生——您的孩子英文起步晚了,当按娃的兴趣挑书时,娃读起来常常有困难,而如果按语言水平挑书,娃又觉得内容幼稚,没有兴趣。如果您遇到这个问题,也可以了解一下 hi-lo。

我会介绍四种思路:

1、easy 模式:刷剧;

2、medium 模式1:海量阅读;

3、medium 模式2:单词刻意练习;

4、hard 模式:做题。

其中,第4种模式是留给起步晚的中小学生的,就不为难家长们了。

下面我会从家长的角度来介绍。大童启蒙的思路大同小异,下次我也会针对大童再专门出一篇。

一、medium 模式1:海量阅读

还是从阅读讲起。


阅读的重要性,相信大家已有认知。传统的背单词学习法之所以被诟病,是因为脱离场景去学单词。但是话说回来,在阅读中学单词,是要站在海量阅读的基础上才能实现的。因为研究证明:一个单词要在40种不同的场景下被遇到,这个单词才能真正地被掌握——在人群中多看40眼,才能记住一个单词,其实也不比背单词快多少。只不过读书还能收获各种故事情节、人性洞察、社科新知,比背单词是要多姿多彩一些的。所以,如果您连海量阅读都做不到,那么提升英语大概只能去刷剧了——并且您可以切身体会娃为啥不喜欢看书。

那么,读些什么好呢?牛津树?海尼曼?不不不!

虽然大家都在说,打开娃的低幼绘本,总是要不停地查词典。但是许多词汇也只是高频次出现在低幼绘本里,到了娃自主阅读进入正轨的时候,娃看的书、做的练习、犯的语法错误,又会让你慢慢感到九年义务教育的那点老本还是能派上一点用场的。实际上,按国内课程的教学标准,咱们普通人的词汇量是这样的——

· 小学毕业 600-700词

· 初中毕业 词

· 高中毕业 3500词

· 大学四级 4200词

· 大学六级 5500词

如果您的词汇量低于3500,没关系,市面上至少有几百本您能看懂的经典名著改编读物,从 king arthur 亚瑟王传奇、the phantom of the opera 歌剧魅影、les misérables 悲惨世界,一路看到 a tale of two cities 双城记。

如果您的词汇量高于3500,那么就可以在娃的分级读物里找到大量社科、自然文章,而不是低幼故事。您一定能找到自己感兴趣的内容,像翻杂志一样地去翻阅。

而如果您有幸跨越5500词这条分数线,那么很多原版的畅销小说、社科畅销书、经典名著也陆续能看了。

您实在不必跟孩子一样从牛津树和海尼曼读起!

那么,到哪里找自己感兴趣、文本难度又刚刚好的书?分2步。

第一步:了解自己的词汇量。娃能看什么书,既受词汇量的制约,又受到理解能力 认知能力的制约。而大人看英文书,能绑住我们步伐的,除了倦怠,主要就是词汇量了。所以,建议先到 网站测试自己的词汇量。

进入后可以看到这个界面,需要您勾选自己认识的单词。

然后根据您勾选的大致范围,进一步做更细致的测试,同样需要您勾选认识的单词。

第三页是填写一些与学英语有关的个人信息,网站会用这些信息做语言学习方面的数据分析。

然后您就能知道自己的词汇量了。

这个测试方法胜在简单高效,您如果希望做更加精确的词汇量评估,可以前往这些网站:

· my.vocabularysize.com

· 百词斩 app

· 扇贝单词app

· 流利说 app              

· 薄荷英语公众号

以上测试都是免费的,不过有的亲可能测试完就忍不住剁手消费了。

此外,娃们在用的分级阅读测评软件,您也是可以用一下的,收费的 star test 测 ar,免费的 readingpro app 测蓝思。这比测词汇量要更花时间,但是可以帮您更方便地查到海量 hi-lo 的书。

第二步:找到与自己水平对应的读物。

刚才说了,测过 ar/蓝思值的人比较容易查找海量 hi-lo 的书,方法如下:

假设您的水平是 ge 4.5 或蓝思 700l,可以打开 ,用高级搜索“advanced search”功能,将 interest level 设为最高,再输入自己的语言水平区间,比如 4.2-4.8。

结果可以找到3600 本书。

也可以打开 ,输入650l-750l。

在结果页里再勾选 high-low。

结果找到2270 本书。

但是以上方法有两个缺陷,一是这些网站主要收录青少年读物,搜出来的主要是高中生小说,二是许多书在国内电商买不到——在几千本书里找到自己想看又能买到的,无异于大海捞针。

那么咱们可以试试另一种方法——根据自己的词汇量找书。

我梳理了市面上的各种英文学习材料,发现有几类适合大人自鸡英文。一是牛津、培生等出版社出品的经典名著改编版,可以从几百词汇量的水平一路读到3500词汇量;二是面向英美小学生的分级读物,例如raz、斯考特、哈考特,从 g2 开始,陆陆续续把越来越多的比重放在自然、社科等话题,您应该可以从中找到感兴趣的内容,这些读物可以覆盖1500到20000词汇量这个学习范围;而当您完成了5500词汇量的积累,其实已经可以无缝衔接许多原版的畅销小说、社科畅销书、经典名著,这部分的阅读可以覆盖5500到20000 词汇量的进阶。

下面具体讲一讲各阶段可以使用的材料。

1、<3500词汇量可以看什么?

有的小伙伴因为上学时学的是小语种,完全不认识英语,这种不在咱们的讨论范围。一般来说,<3500词汇量是成年之后就没再认真学过英语,也包括因长期不用、遗忘导致的水平下降。这个阶段可以看什么?

(1)oxford bookworms library 牛津书虫

牛津大学出版社的书虫系列,应该是很多宝妈宝爸的童年记忆。

原版是长这样的——

外研社的引进版,是大家熟悉的古早风——

近年又出了美绘版——

这套书是专门为中学生及成年人撰写的分级读物,内容是读者耳熟能详的经典作品简写本及原创精彩故事。这里列一部分书名:

starter (250生词,a1,br-490l):

robin hood 侠盗罗宾汉

king arthur 亚瑟王传奇

l1 (400生词,a1-a2,310l-960l):

mary queen of scots 苏格兰玛丽女王

the phantom of the opera 歌剧魅影

les misérables 悲惨世界

sherlock holmes and the red-headed league 福尔摩斯与红发会

the wizard of oz 绿野仙踪

l2 (700生词,a2-b1,390l-980l):

o. henry's short stories 欧·亨利短篇小说集

romeo and juliet 罗密欧与朱丽叶

much ado about nothing 无事生非

hamlet 哈姆雷特

the ganterville ghost 坎特维尔幽灵

agatha christie, woman of mystery 神秘女人:阿加莎·克里斯蒂

l3 (1000生词,b1,420l-1040l):

the secret garden 秘密花园

the wind in the willow 风语河岸柳

the call of the wild 野性的呼唤

frankenstein 弗兰肯斯坦

a christmas carol 圣诞欢歌

l4 (1400生词,b1-b2,380l-1070l):

dr jekyll and mr hyde 化身博士

little women 小妇人

the hound of the baskervilles 巴斯克维尔猎犬

a tale of two cities 双城记

scarlet letter 红字

l5 (1800生词,b2,590l-980l):

wuthering heights 呼啸山庄

great expectations 远大前程

david copperfield 大卫·科波菲尔

the age of innocence 纯真年代

sense and sensibility 理智与情感

l6 (2500生词,b2-c1,680l-1030l):

jane eyre 简·爱

oliver twist 雾都孤儿

pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见

tess of the d'urbervilles 苔丝

vanity fair 名利场

a passage to india 印度之行

oliver twist 雾都孤儿

整套书共138万词的阅读量,按每分钟100个词的速度(美国中学生一般可以达到每分钟200个词以上)、每天半小时算,入门级(starter)2周能看完,其他各级别2个月左右能看完。

7个级别读下来,能积累2500词汇量。2500词汇量看着并不多(raz 读到 f 就有2500词汇量),但这套书的学习区间是 a1-c1,即0基础到 cae,也就是说,生词的难度跨度很大。

就拿入门级来说,27本小册子,难度直接从 raz a 拉到 j;第6级是从 raz q 拉到 z。所以有些做大童英文启蒙的机构,特别喜欢用书虫,因为它能帮英文小白迅速找到阅读自信。认真读完整套书虫,再去看长篇英文就不容易犯怵。

入门级是这样的——


漫画在这里的妙用就像国内小学英语课本喜欢用大量对话框,对话框里直接扔简单句,把交代背景的任务交给图片,从而不影响故事性。

除了漫画,也有“选择-跳转”的游戏形式,这也是为了让简单的句子可以承载更多的信息。


入门级也有整篇的文章。

从第一级开始,就都是章节书了。

第六级的文本是这样的——

文末配有词汇表、全文翻译和练习题。

大家可以根据自己的词汇量或分级指数,对标下表找到起步的级别。

与此同时,pg电子试玩官网提供了 。也可以搜 app "how good is your english",挑选一个级别做测试。如果准确率在80%-90%,则为适合阅读的区间,高于90%则太简单,低于80%则太难。

我觉得可行的学习方法是:

· 找到自己的学习区间,每天早晨阅读半小时。在阅读的过程中,如遇生词和新鲜的用法,简单做个记号,并用在线词典或有道词典笔迅速查到词义,在查到的各种词义里找到最贴合上下文的条目,用心记下即可,不必用笔做记录。

· 读完一章,看看生词表,找找有没有在阅读过程中理解错误的生词。再看看全文翻译,如有明显感到陌生的部分,回头对照原文再看一看。

· 当天晚上可以花半小时把早晨读过的内容,用音频轮播的方式提升自己的听力,包括提升语速。如果您不是特别擅长边听英文边做其他事情,就请专门花时间专注地听。

· 每周再花15分钟把做记号的部分读一读。

书虫的词频跨度这么大,如果担心一套不够用,可以在全套读完之后再补充一套。

(2)penguin readers 企鹅英语分级阅读

广义的 penguin readers 其实是好多书——

但这里是特指企鹅与培生旗下的朗文(当时企鹅还是培生的,现在已经不是了)出版的99本分级读物,也叫 penguin readers。与其并驾齐驱的还有 penguin active reading 和 penguin young readers,而 penguin readers 更适合成人阅读。

内容不仅有经典名著改编——

还有当代畅销书和经管类书籍——

这是入门级(easystarts)的内页——

这是第6级的内页——

每册书后都附有针对性练习。

这里再列一部分书名:

level 1 beninner(300生词,a1):

010 the adventures of tom sawyer 汤姆索亚历险记

level 2 elementary(600生词,a2):

016 king arthur and the knights of the round table 亚瑟王与圆桌骑士

017 robin hood 罗宾汉

025 anne of green gables 绿山墙的安妮

027 persuasion 说服

level 3 pre-intermediate(1200生词,a2-a2 ):

032 the count of monte cristo 基督山伯爵

033 the horse whisperer 马语者

037 forrest gump 阿甘正传

039 hamlet 哈姆雷特

053 sense and sensebility 理智与情感

level 4 intermediate(1700生词,b1):

065 the picture of dorian gray 道林格雷的画像

066 the canterville ghost and other stories 坎特维尔幽灵

067 1984

068 the godfather 教父

076 management gurus 管理大师

level 5(2300生词,b1 -b2):

079 on the road 在路上

080 pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见

086 jude the obscure 无名的裘德

087 four weddings and a funeral 四个婚礼一个葬礼

089 the phantom of the opera 歌剧魅影

093 sons and lovers 儿子与情人

level 6(3000生词,b2):

099 business at the speed of thought 未来时速

这套书的学习区间是 a1-b2,即0基础到 fce,上限比书虫略低。7套读下来,176万词的阅读,能积累3000词汇量,阅读量和词汇量都比书虫略多。

大家可以根据自己的词汇量或分级指数,对标下表找到起步的级别。

(3)black cat cideb 黑猫分级读物

黑猫分级读物有三个系列:early reads、green apple、reading & training,后两个系列适合中学生和成人阅读。


华东师范大学出版社和商务印书馆引进的《有声名著阶梯阅读》正是糅合了后两个系列,但分级上有一点乱,大致可以视作通过6个级别完成 a1-c1 的学习。

这是《有声名著阶梯阅读》第1级的内页——

这是 reading & training 第6级的内页——

目前《有声名著阶梯阅读》因为pg电子直营的版权原因已经不再出版。网上可以找到《有声名著阶梯阅读》以及 reading & training 的电子资源。而我喜欢黑猫系列的原因是每个章节都配了大量各种各样的练习。

2、 词汇量可以看什么?

读完上面2到3套书,可以保证至少3500词汇量,而且有不少 b2-c1 的高阶词汇。此时就可以进入第二阶段。

如果您高中英文成绩和四六级成绩都不错,也可以直接进入第二阶段。

在这个阶段,您可以看看娃手头的分级读物。

(1) raz 从 h 开始,内容逐渐适合大人阅读。

(2)scott foresman(斯考特)的 reading street、social studies 和 science readers 三套书,从 g2 开始内容逐渐适合大人阅读;

(3)houghton mifflin harcourt(哈考特)的 leveled readers,nonfiction 部分从 g3 开始、主课部分从 g4 开始,内容逐渐适合大人阅读。

这三套分级读物都是良心出品,建议测试一下自己的 ar 值或蓝思值,在三套里选择1-2套,从适当的级别开始,一路打通关,可以获得20000词汇量,并且补足了前面三套书生词量不足的问题。

跟娃读同样的套系还有一个优点,就是能增加彼此的共同话题。要是您比娃进度快一点,还能帮他扫雷。

如果您希望更加贴合个人阅读兴趣挑选分级读物,收费 app myonepic! 是2个好地方,可以按个人兴趣 文本难度挑书。

epic! 可以直接按“关键词+ar/蓝思/grl指数”搜索。

myon 只能搜关键词再点开查看难度指数,并且没有手机版,要用 ipad 或网页版,不过有声书比较多。

有的亲可能会说,已经过了了解天文地理的年纪了,有没有更实用一点的?有哦!

鸡娃的文章够实用了吧?medium.com 是一个收费的内容聚合网站,里面的 和 栏目都是关于教育、育儿的文章。

我随机选了4篇文章测试蓝思值,测出来难度大概在800l-1200l,对标 raz r-z。

· giving advice to your adult kids 800l - 900l

· how to love our children in 3 simple ways  900l - 1000l

· children and youth: their individuality with the education 1100l - 1200l

· is college worth it? that depends on you 1100l - 1200l

这样的英文网站还有很多,您有兴趣不妨搜搜看。

3、 词汇量可以看什么?

大人的词汇量来到这个区间,再往前走其实已经跑赢了中国家长的平均线。

在确定读点什么之前,还是需要您测试一下自己的阅读水平,然后就可以敞开看原版畅销小说、社科畅销书、经典名著啦。

直接扔书单——

flipped 4.8,720l

wonder 奇迹男孩 4.8,790l

lord of the flies 蝇王 5.0,770l

the graveyard book 坟场之书 5.1,820l

the vampire diaries: the awakening 吸血鬼日记:觉醒 5.1,700l

the book thief 偷书贼 5.1,730l

fahrenheit 451 华氏451 5.2,890l

me before you 遇见你之前 5.3,810l

ghost mother 鬼妈妈

where'd you go, bernadette 伯纳黛特你去了哪 5.4

inkheart 墨心 5.4,780l

the chronicles of narnia 纳尼亚传奇 5.4-5.9

a thousand splendid suns 灿烂千阳 5.4,830l

to kill a mockingbird 杀死一只知更鸟 5.6

angels & demons 天使与魔鬼 5.6

and then there were none 无人生还 5.7

love: the psychology of attraction(dk爱情心理学)

the devil and miss prym 魔鬼与普里姆小姐

eleanor oliphant is completely fine 艾莉诺好极了

the lord of the rings 指环王 6.1-6.3

murder on the orient express 东方快车谋杀案 6.2,740l

the murder of roger ackroyd 罗杰疑案 6.3

the alchemist 牧羊少年的奇幻之旅 6.4

foundation 基地 6.4

the da vinci code 达芬奇密码 6.4,850l

gone girl 消失的爱人

how to win friends and influence others 人性的弱点

how to stop worrying and start living 人性的优点

the hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy 银河系漫游指南 6.6

sapiens: a brief history of humankind 人类简史

letters from an unknown woman 一个陌生女人的来信

the painted veil 面纱

gone with the wind 飘 7.1

the phantom of the opera 歌剧魅影 7.1

anne of green gables 绿山墙的安妮 7.3

animal farm 动物农庄 7.3

the great gatsby 了不起的盖茨比 7.3

sophie's world 苏菲的世界 7.3

evil under the sun 艳阳下的谋杀案 7.3

the time machine 时间机器 7.4

white fang 白牙 7.4

black beauty 黑骏马 7.7

the picture of dorian gray 道林格雷的画像 7.7,920l

little women 小妇人 7.9

the moon and sixpence 月亮和六便士

stories by o.henry 欧亨利小说选

the call of the wild 野性的呼唤 8.0

madame bovary 包法利夫人 8.1

the wind in the willows 柳林风声 8.2

the hound of the baskervilles 巴斯克维尔猎犬 8.3

sense and sensibility 理智与情感 8.4

frankenstein 弗兰肯斯坦 8.6

the count of monte cristo 基督山伯爵 8.8

1984 8.9

great expectations 远大前程 9.2

emma 爱玛 9.3

dr.jekyll and mr.hyde 化身博士 9.5

david copperfield 大卫科波菲尔 9.5

the mayor of casterbridge 卡斯特桥市长 9.5

tess of the d'urbervilles 德伯家的苔丝 9.5

around the world in eighty days 环游世界80天 9.6

the story of mankind 人类的故事 9.9

the mysterious island 神秘岛 10.8

the three musketeers 三个火枪手 11.3

oliver twist 雾都孤儿 11.3

wuthering heights 呼啸山庄 11.3

silent spring 寂静的春天 11.5

the scarlet letter 红字 11.7

pride and prejudice 傲慢与偏见 12.0

robinson crusoe 鲁宾逊漂流记 12.3

guns germs and steel 枪炮、病菌与钢铁 12.6

以上部分书没有难度指数,但整张书单是从易到难排列的。

说了这么多,再补充一句,时间精力有限的情况下,不必做题,读就行了,我们的目标是提升词汇量。而称手的查词典工具必不可少。在这里再次安利一下有道词典笔,不必手输,直接扫单词,识别准确率也很高。

二、medium 模式2:单词刻意练习

如果只阅读,不背单词,那么需要读很多很多书,才能实现词汇量的跃升。这是单词刻意练习的意义。

大人背单词跟小孩背单词没有那么大的区别,所以参考常见的学习方法即可。我个人比较推荐在线版 wordly wise 3000,因为每个词的练习量大,学得扎实,不容易忘。

三、hard 模式:做题

能做到边鸡娃边自己背单词已经很不容易了,做题确实不适合家长。所以不展开说了。推荐两套书——


四、easy 模式:刷剧

下面进入大家喜闻乐见的 easy 模式——刷美剧英剧。

我是不刷剧的,但我知道很多人喜欢看《老友记》、《生活大爆炸》学英文。其实,这种情景喜剧里的对白,并不是最适合学英语的,不信你可以假设生活中有人这样跟你对话,你会不会觉得有些尴尬?我自己就有类似的惨痛教训。我本科的一个室友是香港人,大一的时候麦兜系列很火,我反复看了很多遍,然后初次见面就用麦兜的文风跟这位室友说话,结果是相当的冷场和尴尬。

那么,不刷《老友记》,可以刷什么呢?试试这些片单:

现代话题电视剧:

- modern family 摩登家庭

- how i met your mother 老爸老妈的浪漫史

- fleabag 伦敦生活(英音)

- silicon valley 硅谷

- scrubs 实习医生风云

- brooklyn 99 神烦警探

访谈节目:

- the ellen show

- conan

- james corden(英音)

- the graham norton show(英音)

油管博主:

- casey neistat

- best dressed

这个片单来自 b 站的“口语老炮儿马思瑞”。

此外,英文发音的位置比中文靠后,那么咱们在刷剧的时候,可以找一个声音比自己低的人,作为“语言偶像”,让自己模仿他的说话方式和发声位置。

个人认为,因为语速的问题,刷剧并不是最有效的学习方法。相比之下,好好读书、读完刷音频,是更为可行的。

还是那句话, 有趣的未必最有效,有效的未必最有趣,我们要做的就是找到折中的办法。

以上4部分,总结成一张路线图——

五、词汇量提上来了,听力、口语、写作就自然能好么?

词汇量是底气,没有词汇量,光练其他的单项都太低效。7000词汇量能听懂98%的日常口语,8000词汇量能看懂98%的报纸杂志 ,建议成年人在8000词汇量的基础上去琢磨听力怎么提升、口语怎么提升。

有词汇量不代表听说写就自然而然地提升,专项能力是需要专项训练的。在有8000词汇量打底的前提下,如果您的关键目标是提升听力,那就专门练习听,voa app 下起来;如果您的关键目标是提升口语,那就专门练习说,电话英语/在线英语报起来,ted 和各种剧看起来;以此类推。

--the end --

about me: 

小风吹,坐标上海。 

过去时:北大中大求过学,美国新加坡念过书;

现在时:小风吹吹,小跑推推,陪娃闯荡双语升学路。

时光在走,仍是学无止境。


赞162
收藏1269
4年前
这帖子太太太实用了!我这两年跟着娃启蒙的步伐,英语肉眼可见的变好了。娃让我念初章,让我一起听中章,这几天猛然发现美剧不太要看字幕了!
4年前
嘟嘟妈2014 这帖子太太太实用了!我这两年跟着娃启蒙的步伐,英语肉眼可见的变好了。娃让我念...
跟着娃重新回到知识波峰😛
4年前
读高级别的raz确实是个好办法👍👍
4年前
非常详细的讲解,干货满满,感谢分享❤️
4年前
谢谢分享👍👍👍👍
4年前
干货满满!一直想提高听力和口语,一直苦于没有方法!看来还是要先提升词汇量。目前就单只查牛津树的生词,词汇量就涨了1000 ,还要继续。。。最想提升的是听力,成人跟孩子不一样的是,不像孩子那么单纯了,可以一边做别的一边听,总是会有各种各样的事打断思路,要练听力只能找专门的时间静下心来听
4年前
直接报个薄荷英语什么不是更直接?
4年前
斯考特和哈考特有书吗?似乎只看到电子资源
4年前
团子和妈妈 斯考特和哈考特有书吗?似乎只看到电子资源
以前某宝有的,现在只能去当当买高价原版了
4年前
六级水平已经缩水至不足四级了吧,跟娃读分级增了不少以前根本没学过的词汇,听力水平也有所提高,只是听的时候容易走神,继续努力💪
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小风吹
小风吹
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